Research Proposals

How Do ER-Mitochondrial Communications in Plant Metabolism and Stress Adaptation operated? Introduction Plants face numerous challenges during their growth and development, including abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and heat, as well as biotic stresses such as pathogen attacks. These stress factors impose significant metabolic and physiological burdens, requiring plants to activate complex adaptive mechanisms for […]

Introduction Plant microbiomes and nutrient metabolism interactions are essential for improving nutrient cycling and uptake, which supports sustainable agriculture. In soybeans (Glycine max), symbiotic microbes like Bradyrhizobium japonicum enable nitrogen fixation, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers (Göttfert and Krishnan, 2001). Additionally, sulfur-transforming microbes play a key role in providing plant-available sulfur, critical for amino

Introduction The plant cytoskeleton is a dynamic framework comprising microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, responsible for maintaining cellular integrity, intracellular transport, and signal transduction. Regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential for various physiological processes, including cell division, elongation, and environmental stress responses. Among the key regulators, AGC1 kinases (Protein Kinase A, G, and C

Introduction Stomata are essential microscopic structures on the surface of plant leaves and stems, facilitating critical physiological processes such as gas exchange and transpiration (Bergmann & Sack, 2007). These pores are bordered by a pair of specialized guard cells, whose turgor changes regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, thus balancing carbon dioxide uptake