Introduction Plant cell walls are not simply rigid structures that provide shape and support; they are dynamic structures, and their cell wall dynamics serve as multifaceted interfaces playing a crucial role in plant defense (Somerville et al., 2004). Beyond their structural function, cell walls actively participate in sensing and responding to environmental challenges, including pathogen […]
How Do ER-Mitochondrial Communications in Plant Metabolism and Stress Adaptation operated? Introduction Plants face numerous challenges during their growth and development, including abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and heat, as well as biotic stresses such as pathogen attacks. These stress factors impose significant metabolic and physiological burdens, requiring plants to activate complex adaptive mechanisms for
ER-Mitochondrial Communications in Plant Metabolism and Stress Adaptation Read Post »
Introduction Plant microbiomes and nutrient metabolism interactions are essential for improving nutrient cycling and uptake, which supports sustainable agriculture. In soybeans (Glycine max), symbiotic microbes like Bradyrhizobium japonicum enable nitrogen fixation, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers (Göttfert and Krishnan, 2001). Additionally, sulfur-transforming microbes play a key role in providing plant-available sulfur, critical for amino
Plant microbiomes and nutrient metabolism interactions Read Post »
Introduction The plant cytoskeleton is a dynamic framework comprising microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, responsible for maintaining cellular integrity, intracellular transport, and signal transduction. Regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential for various physiological processes, including cell division, elongation, and environmental stress responses. Among the key regulators, AGC1 kinases (Protein Kinase A, G, and C
Introduction Stomata are essential microscopic structures on the surface of plant leaves and stems, facilitating critical physiological processes such as gas exchange and transpiration (Bergmann & Sack, 2007). These pores are bordered by a pair of specialized guard cells, whose turgor changes regulate the opening and closing of the stomata, thus balancing carbon dioxide uptake
Polarity Regulation by Protein Kinases During Stomata Development Read Post »
