croplibrary

Introduction Mitochondria are highly dynamic and essential organelles that play a central role in the metabolic and energetic functions of eukaryotic cells. They are best known for their involvement in ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, which serves as the primary energy source for cellular processes. Beyond energy production, mitochondria participate in diverse metabolic pathways, including

Information “The ability of plants to adapt to their soil environment is critical for optimizing growth and development under diverse conditions (Schroeder et al., 2013). Among the myriad of regulatory mechanisms, protein kinases play a central role in translating environmental signals into physiological responses (Hardie, 1999). AGC1 kinases, a subgroup of the AGC family of

Introduction Plant cell walls are not simply rigid structures that provide shape and support; they are dynamic structures, and their cell wall dynamics serve as multifaceted interfaces playing a crucial role in plant defense (Somerville et al., 2004). Beyond their structural function, cell walls actively participate in sensing and responding to environmental challenges, including pathogen