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Role of RNA Capping in Regulation of E. coli Metabolism

Role of RNA Capping in Regulation of E. coli Metabolism Introduction RNA capping is a crucial post-transcriptional modification that plays a fundamental role in RNA stability, translation efficiency, and overall cellular function. In eukaryotes, the well-characterized canonical 5’ cap structure (m7GpppN) protects mRNA from degradation and facilitates efficient translation. However, recent advancements in RNA biology […]

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Improving Soil Carbon Models Using Energy Transformations and Optimality

Introduction Soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling is a fundamental process in the Earth system, influencing climate regulation, ecosystem productivity, and soil health (Lal, 2004). Current soil carbon models primarily rely on mass balance equations, which focus on carbon fluxes but overlook the critical role of energy transformations that occur simultaneously (Manzoni & Porporato, 2009). These

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Plant Science with a Focus on Small Proteins
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Plant Science with a Focus on Small Proteins.

Introduction Symmetry breaking is a fundamental biological process that drives the development of complex structures from initial symmetrical forms. In plants, this phenomenon is particularly evident during flower development, where radial symmetry (actinomorphy) or bilateral symmetry (zygomorphy) emerges, contributing to the vast diversity of floral forms observed in nature (Coen & Meyerowitz, 1991). Understanding the

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Mitochondrial Fission in Plant Mitochondria

Introduction Mitochondria are highly dynamic and essential organelles that play a central role in the metabolic and energetic functions of eukaryotic cells. They are best known for their involvement in ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, which serves as the primary energy source for cellular processes. Beyond energy production, mitochondria participate in diverse metabolic pathways, including

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Developmental Adaptations for Plant Growth in Soil: Regulated by AGC1 Kinases

Information “The ability of plants to adapt to their soil environment is critical for optimizing growth and development under diverse conditions (Schroeder et al., 2013). Among the myriad of regulatory mechanisms, protein kinases play a central role in translating environmental signals into physiological responses (Hardie, 1999). AGC1 kinases, a subgroup of the AGC family of

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